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创建于04.02
Application of polyacrylamide in water treatment
Polyacrylamide (PAM) has a wide range of applications in the field of water treatment, and its unique polymer properties make it a key chemical additive in flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and sludge dewatering processes. The following is the main role and mechanism of polyacrylamide in water treatment:
1.Flocculation
Polyacrylamide is a kind of high efficient polymer flocculant, especially suitable for treating wastewater with high content of suspended solids (SS) and high turbidity. Its mechanism of action includes:
Electric neutralization: Charged groups on the molecular chain of PAM (such as cationic or anionic) can neutralize the charge on the surface of colloidal particles, destroy their stability, and promote the aggregation of particles.
Adsorption bridging action: The long molecular chain of PAM can adsorb multiple particles at the same time, and form larger floc through "bridging", accelerating settlement.
Application scenario:
Removal of suspended solids from industrial wastewater (e.g. mining, metallurgy, papermaking wastewater).
Primary treatment of domestic sewage to improve sedimentation tank efficiency.
2.Sludge dehydration
In the sludge treatment process, PAM as a conditioner can significantly improve the dewatering performance of the sludge:
Reduce specific resistance: by changing the sludge particle structure, reduce the bound water content and improve the permeability of filter cake.
Formation of dense floc: Cationic PAM (CPAM) is often used in negatively charged organic sludge (such as activated sludge), through charge neutralization and bridging to form large and compact floc, easy to mechanical dehydration (such as centrifuges, belt filter press).
Results: The sludge volume can be reduced by more than 50% and the subsequent disposal cost can be reduced.
3.Enhanced filtration and clarification
In advanced treatment or reuse water processes, the microflocculation of PAM can capture fine particles, improve the filtration efficiency of multi-media filters or membrane systems, and reduce membrane pollution.
In drinking water treatment, low-dose PAM can assist aluminum/iron salt flocculants to improve effluent turbidity (to ensure that residual monomers meet safety standards).
4.Special wastewater treatment
Oily wastewater: PAM can adsorb oil droplets through hydrophobic groups to achieve oil-water separation.
High chroma wastewater: combined with inorganic flocculants, can remove dyes and other dissolved organic matter.
5.Advantages and precautions
Advantages:
The dosage is small (usually 0.1~10 ppm), the effect is significant;
The ion type can be selected according to the water quality (non-ion, anion, cation).
Note:
It is necessary to determine the best type and dosage by experiment, excessive dosing may lead to colloid restability;
Acrylamide monomer (AM) is toxic, so it is necessary to select high purity products and control the residual amount.
High speed shear should be avoided during dissolution to prevent molecular chain breakage.
Conclusion
Through its efficient flocculation and dewatering properties, polyacrylamide has become an indispensable chemical additive in modern water treatment technology, especially in complex wastewater treatment and sludge reduction. In the future, with the improvement of environmental standards and the development of modified PAM (such as temperature resistance and salt resistance), its application potential will be further expanded.
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