Building Your Success with Our Advanced Brick Making Machines！

创建于04.03

The role of cationic polyacrylamide in water treatment

Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), as an efficient water treatment agent, plays an important role in sewage treatment, sludge dewatering, drinking water purification and other fields. In this paper, the chemical properties, action mechanism and application of CPAM in water treatment were systematically described, and the future development trend of CPAM was also discussed.

1.Introduction

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, water resources pollution is becoming more and more serious, and efficient and environmentally friendly water treatment technology has become a research hotspot. Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM), as a polymer flocculant, has been widely used in the field of water treatment due to its unique charge characteristics and molecular structure.

2.Chemical properties of cationic polyacrylamide

CPAM is a water-soluble polymer prepared by copolymerization of acrylamide monomer and cationic monomer (such as dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride). With a large number of positively charged groups on the molecular chain, it has the following characteristics:

High charge density: there are a large number of cationic groups such as quaternary ammonium salts on the molecular chain

Long molecular chain structure: Molecular weight is usually between 5 million and 15 million

Good water solubility: easily soluble in water to form a viscous solution

Wide pH adaptability: Stable performance in a wide pH range

3.Action mechanism of CPAM in water treatment

3.1 Charge neutralization

Most of the suspended particles and colloids in sewage are negatively charged. CPAM neutralizes these negative charges through its cationic groups to reduce the electrostatic repulsion between particles and promote the agglomeration of particles.

3.2 Adsorption bridging

The long molecular chain of CPAM can form a "bridge" between multiple particles, connecting small particles into larger floc through physical adsorption, and enhancing sedimentation performance.

3.3 Curling function of the net

The high concentration of CPAM can form a three-dimensional network structure in water, and the small particles can be caught by mechanical action to form a dense floc.

4.The specific application of CPAM in water treatment

4.1 Sewage Treatment

In the treatment of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater, CPAM is mainly used for:

Primary treatment: accelerated settlement of suspended solids

Secondary treatment: Improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation after biological treatment

Tertiary treatment: deep removal of residual contaminants in water

4.2 Sludge Dewatering

CPAM plays a key role in sludge conditioning:

Improve sludge dewatering performance

Improve the processing capacity of dewatering equipment

Reduce mud cake moisture content (down to 60-80%)

Reduce subsequent processing costs

4.3 Drinking Water Treatment

In the drinking water purification process, CPAM can be used to:

Remove colloidal substances and small particles from water

Reduce water turbidity and chroma

Reduce the generation of disinfection byproducts

4.4 Special wastewater treatment

CPAM excels in the treatment of the following special wastewater:

Paper wastewater: Effective removal of lignin and fine fibers

Printing and dyeing wastewater: decolorization effect is remarkable

Food processing wastewater: Treatment of wastewater with high organic load

Mining wastewater: Treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions

5.Advantages and limitations of CPAM

5.1 Advantages

The treatment effect is good, and the floc is large and dense

Wide range of application, strong adaptability to different water quality

Small dosage, low operating cost

No toxic side effects, environmentally friendly

5.2 Limitations

The removal effect of dissolved organic matter is limited

Excessive dosage may lead to deterioration of water quality

The residue of some monomers may pose a health hazard

6.Future development trend

With the improvement of environmental protection requirements and the advancement of water treatment technology, the development of CPAM shows the following trends:

Green synthesis: Develop more environmentally friendly preparation processes to reduce monomer residues

Intelligent response: Develop pH, temperature and other environmental response CPAM

Composite modification: Improved performance by copolymerization with other functional monomers

Precision dosing: Intelligent dosing combined with online monitoring

7.Conclusion

As an efficient and economical water treatment agent, cationic polyacrylamide plays an irreplaceable role in improving water quality and protecting water resources. With the continuous innovation of technology, CPAM will certainly show a broader application prospect in the field of water treatment. Future research should focus on improving product performance, reducing environmental risks, and exploring its application potential in new water treatment processes.